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| 韩语是表音字，韩语的音节绝大多数由子音与母音组成。如此组成的韩语字母系统叫做“Hangeul”，有19个子音（包括5个复合子音），21个母音（包括11个复合母音），共有40个字母。
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| < 子音 > |
| ㄱ |
ㄴ |
ㄷ |
ㄹ |
ㅁ |
ㅂ |
ㅅ |
| [g/k] |
[n] |
[d] |
[r/l] |
[m] |
[b/p] |
[s] |
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| [giyeok] |
[nieun] |
[digeut] |
[rieul] |
[mieum] |
[bieup] |
[siot] | |
| ㅇ |
ㅈ |
ㅊ |
ㅋ |
ㅌ |
ㅍ |
ㅎ |
| [o/ng] |
[j] |
[ch] |
[k] |
[t] |
[p] |
[h] |
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| [ieung] |
[jieut] |
[chieut] |
[kieuk] |
[tieut] |
[pieup] |
[hieut] | |
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| < 复合子音 > |
| ㄲ |
ㄸ |
ㅃ |
ㅆ |
ㅉ |
| [kk] |
[tt] |
[pp] |
[ss] |
[jj] |
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| [ssang kiyeok] |
[ssang digeut] |
[ssang bieup] |
[ssang siot] |
[ssang
jieut] | |
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| < 母音 > |
| ㅏ |
ㅑ |
ㅓ |
ㅕ |
ㅗ |
ㅛ |
ㅜ |
ㅠ |
ㅡ |
ㅣ |
| [a] |
[ya] |
[eo] |
[yeo] |
[o] |
[yo] |
[u] |
[yu] |
[eu] |
[i] |
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| < 复合母音 > |
| ㅐ |
ㅒ |
ㅔ |
ㅖ |
ㅘ |
ㅙ |
ㅚ |
ㅝ |
ㅞ |
ㅟ |
ㅢ |
| [ae] |
[yae] |
[e] |
[ye] |
[wa] |
[wae] |
[oe] |
[wo] |
[we] |
[wi] |
[eui] |
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